delta company 31st engineer battalion
The men were then flown by USAF C-130s to Blackhorse Base Camp near Xuan Loc where they began providing engineer support to the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment and for III CTZ Airmobile units. The battalion was responsible for III CTZ airmobile equipment support and construction support under the 159th and 79th Engineer Groups just north of Saigon. History. The unit was again activated on 17 June 1963 at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. After nearly four years of service in Vietnam, the battalion returned to Fort Lewis, Washington, and was inactivated there on 12 March 1972. Below is the video of the full ceremony. The unit was again activated on 17 June 1963 at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. 35th Engineer Battalion Companies transform volunteers into disciplined American Soldiers through Basic Combat Training; train Engineer Skills to produce qualified Combat Engineers and Bridge. Maintenance window scheduled to begin at February 14th 2200 est. The 31st Engineer Combat Battalion departed New York Port of Embarkation on 22 October 1944 aboard the General William Black for overseas service. The 31st Engineer Battalion is a combat Engineer Battalion in the U.S. Army. This article incorporates public domain material from .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}31st Engineer Battalion Lineage and Honors. Fire Fighter Detachment Duty Phone: 573-855-9672, Head south on Hangar Road In early 1968, the unit was declared combat ready and cleared for overseas movement. The 31st was re-activated at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin 10 March 1951, during the Korean War. *Christian Simms is the son of Rev. The edelweiss refers to the Rhineland. The battalion then swung south, crossing the Danube at Ulm and entering Austria on 9 May. February 15th, DVIDS Hub works best with JavaScript enabled, Version: 89f6906e9817dc7b192edf8e8d786e2b331150b5_2023-02-27T10:21:17, Strategic Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-8963, HQ Phone: (573) 596-0131 EXT 6-0712 or 6-2517, Mailing Address: Soldier Name Under Operation Liberty Canyon, the 31st was ordered in November 1968 to deploy to Phouc Vinh, Vietnam to prepare that former French base camp for occupation and use by the 1st Air Cavalry Division. The 31st implemented the directive, which brought seriously negative impacts on both those being reassigned out and in. Our other Final 4 match up in the U.S. Army Fort Leonard Wood Logo Madness tournament includes another First Engineer Brigade versus 14th Military Police Brigade battle. It served there for two years before it was redesignated on 8 June 1953 as the 31st Engineer Battalion (Combat) and moved to Fort Carson, Colorado. Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-1951, 31st EN BN, 1ST EN BDE 31ST COMBAT ENGINEER BATTALION CAMPAIGN STREAMERS, Meritorious Unit Commendation, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1968, Civil Actions Honor Medal first Class, Streamer embroidered VIETMAN 1968-1970, Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1970 (awarded to Co C, 31st Engr Bn; May-Jun 1970: DAGO 55- 1971), Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered FISH HOOK. Another popular morale-enhancing project was the states flags. Along with the 35th and 589th Engineer Battalion, the 31st joined the five battalions of the 10th Infantry Regiment. On 30 September 1986, the Second to None 31st Engineer Battalion transferred to the United States Army and Doctrine Command; concurrently, Headquarters organized at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri and redesignated the We Demonstrate 31st Engineer Battalion. Company __, Platoon __ Last edited on 22 September 2022, at 04:04, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States Army Center of Military History, https://web.archive.org/web/20110502141852/http://www.wood.army.mil/wood_cms/usaes/1512.shtml, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=31st_Engineer_Battalion&oldid=1111648597, Reorganized and redesignated 15 December 1941 as the 31st Engineer Battalion, Reorganized and redesignated 29 April 1942 as the 31st Engineers, Redesignated 1 August 1942 as the 31st Engineer Combat Regiment, 1st Battalion as the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion. The battalion then swung south, crossing the Danube at Ulm and entering Austria on May 9. This one puts Delta Company. On 10 March 1951, the battalion activated at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin, during the Korean War. It encountered its toughest fighting of the war on 48 April as it sought to bridge the Neckar River near Heilbronn. The battalion was reassigned from the 1st Engineer Brigade to the 3rd Training Brigade on 6 May 1991. D CO 35TH EN BN, 1ST EN BDE The 31st Battalion, which finds itself about 10km south-west of the village of Berta [11], has to reach the location of Barce, about 200km away, and to achieve this receives some vehicles from the Superintendent of Supply, but not enough for its needs. This work, Confidence Course, must comply with the restrictions shown on https://www.dvidshub.net/about/copyright. The penultimate iteration involved filling the battalion with Air Defense soldiers to be trained as combat engineers, but the men primarily spent their days performing post details. Job Title: Civil Engineer. Company D. Delta Co., 4th Combat Engineer Battalion. 865-546-1312 Delta Company inactivated with the battalion on 15 October 1993. The research for this After Action Report included OPERATIONAL REPORTS, DAILY STAFF JOURNALS and DUTY OFFICER S LOGS at the Battalion, Brigade and Division levels located in the National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. From January to March 1991, the battalion began preparing Soldiers for Operation Desert Storm, and supported the mobilization of the 1st Battalion, 392nd Regiment, 98th Division (Training) based in New York State. A platoon-sized element of Company A was deployed and assigned the significant project of constructing a 2800 foot runway (with turn-arounds) at Ben Tre, Vietnam, in a remote area of the Mekong Delta, south of My Tho. On 20 August 1990, the 132nd Engineer Brigade inactivated. Additionally at Blackhorse, the 31st constructed howitzer gun pads for the 7th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery, a bypass for the 54th Field Artillery Group, a drainage facility for the MACV Compound in nearby Xuan Loc; installed a water system on Hill 837 (Nui Chun Chan) for the Signal Relay Station there, participated in nightly ambush patrols with the 11th ACR, and conducted extensive minefield clearing projects at Bien Hoa AF Base for the 101st Airborne Division and the USAF Red Horse Civil Engineer Squadron. Mailing Address: Soldier Name In January 1992, Delta Company was inactivated, and Echo Company was redesignated as Delta Company. The unit was reorganized, expanded and redesignated on 15 December, 1941 as the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion. MISSION:Delta Company, 169th Engineer Battalion consistently trains Soldiers, Sailors, Marines and Airmen as Plumbing and Firefighting technicians who are competent Leaders and soldiers of Character able to support Multi-Domain Operations. 504-250-4066, An official website of the United States government, Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 234, Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron 4, Marine Light Helicopter Attack Squadron 775, Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 773, 4th Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, Marine Corps Individual Reserve Support Activity, Suicide Prevention Hotline / Veterans Lifeline, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. The battalion departed Fort Bliss, Texas for overseas service and arrived at Vung Tau, Vietnam on 5 May 1968, and was directed to Xuan Loc to back up and construct the Black Horse Base Camp for the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. The battalion departed Fort Bliss, Texas for overseas service and arrived at Vung Tau, Vietnam on 24 March 1968. On 15 December 1956, the battalion inactivated. until 0400 est. Company __, Platoon __ Along with the 35th and 589th Engineer Battalion, the 31st joined the five battalions of the 10th Infantry Regiment. Though faced with periodic problems of material shortages and changes in scopes of work, Company Bs engineers continued dedicated work on the MER eventually constructing 334 WABTOC structures for our allies. MISSION: Delta Company, 169th Engineer Battalion consistently trains Soldiers, Sailors, Marines and Airmen as Plumbing and Firefighting technicians who are competent Leaders and soldiers of Character able to support Multi-Domain Operations. TWS is the largest online community of Veterans existing today and is a powerful Veteran locator. Christian is seen after 21:50 on the video timeline. 865-522-2414 The battalion was inactivated two days later at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey. Your New Destiny family wishes you the best as you serve our country in this work. The unit was reorganized, expanded and redesignated on 15 December 1941 as the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion. Today the 31st Engineer Battalion once again is based at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri under the 1st Engineer Brigade. One week later, the tired men of the 31st answered an emergency call from Heavener, Oklahoma where a raging forest fire was threatening a number of towns more than 4000 acres were blackened by the blaze by the time the 31st arrived. Knoxville,TN. After hours clubs were set up using GP medium tents secured to wooden frames for use by the soldiers of the battalion. Are you looking for Collectible Plate or similar listings? The 31st Engineer Combat Battalion departed New York Port of Embarkation on 22 October 1944 aboard the General William Black for overseas service. Carl and Sis. Army Veterans connecting, sharing stories, preserving history. Delta Air Lines. The unit was reorganized, expanded and redesignated on 15 December 1941 as the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion. Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473, U.S. ARMY INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT COMMAND, "We Are the Army's Home - This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry. Please contact the American Red Cross, Telephone: On 15 December 1956, the battalion inactivated. Continuing to show ingenuity, soldiers of the 31st began publishing its own newspaper named The Black Spade (taken from the battalions distinctive unit insignia, commonly known as the crest). Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-8963, HQ Phone: (573) 596-0131 EXT 6-7869 or 6-0386, Mailing Address: Soldier Name Turn left onto Christoval Road Army Engineers in WW1 When the United Stated entered the war in April 1917, there were only 3,000 enlisted engineers. After nearly 4 years of service in Vietnam, the battalion returned to Fort Lewis, Washington, where it was inactivated 12 March 1972. 2101 Alcoa Highway Delta Company - 31st Engineer Battalion - Summer 1988 Albums See All Training Day Photo's 1 item The Original Team from album 3 items Our Drill Instrutors 2 items Cover photos 1 item All photos See more of Delta Company - 31st Engineer Battalion - Summer 1988 on Facebook Log In or Create new account Log In The battalions equipment was delivered by rail to Beaumont, Texas for transport to Vietnam aboard cargo ships and the soldiers were given a short leave to visit and say farewell to family and loved ones. In January 1992, Delta Company was inactivated, and Echo Company was redesignated as Delta Company. The 31st was again activated at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas on 17 June 1963 to be immediately involved in construction of a 120 foot Bailey Bridge across Arkansas State Highway 25 in conjunction with President Kennedys dedication of Greers Ferry Dam. The unit was reorganized, expanded and redesignated on 15 December, 1941 as the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion. The battalion entered Germany in late March 1945 and crossed the Rhine near Mannheim on the last day of that month. Effective 30 September 1986, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company was assigned to the United States Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and activated at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Symbolism:The two stars allude to the arms of the town of Bischwiller in France (Alsace Ardennes). Thank you for posting all of this excellent information. After being re-designated as the 31st Engineer Combat Regiment, the regiment was broken up on 22 March 1943 and its elements were then reorganized and redesignated as follows: 1st Battalion as the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion, Headquarters and Headquarters and Service Company as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1114th Engineer Combat Group, 2nd Battalion as the 241st Engineer Combat Battalion. The Cambodian Incursion inMay and June 1970was one of the largest combat operations of the Vietnam War. On the night of 19 March 2003, soldiers of C Company, 2nd Battalion, 124th Infantry, positioned in Jordan and both A and C Company, 3rd . Ryan's company has a facebook page that is updated by someone that is on base. On 29 April 1942, the battalion was reorganized, expanded and redesignated the 31st Engineer Combat Regiment. 2nd battalion 2-10 g company. Serving the Rugged Professional", Survivor Outreach Services | Total Army Sponsorship | Safety, Human Resources | Civilian Expeditionary Workforce, U.S. Army Environmental Command | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy & Environment, FLW Command Policies and Memorandums of Instruction, Sexual Harassment Assault Response Prevention (SHARP), Directorate of Training and Leader Development, Directorate of Environmental Protection and Management, Engineer Personnel Development Office (EPDO), 31st Engineer Battalion Lineage and History, General Leonard Wood Army Community Hospital, Integrated Base Defense Surveillance Systems Academy, usarmy.leonardwood.engineer-schl.mbx.hqrfi@army.mil, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy & Environment. A CO 35TH EN BN, 1ST EN BDE It encountered its toughest fighting of the war on April 4-8 as it sought to bridge the Neckar River near Heilbronn. After being re-designated as the 31st Engineer Combat Regiment, the regiment was broken up on 22 March 1943 and its elements were then reorganized and redesignated as follows: 1st Battalion as the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion, Headquarters and Headquarters and Service Company as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1114th Engineer Combat Group, 2nd Battalion as the 241st Engineer Combat Battalion. At Blackhorse Base Camp in direct support of the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Company D immediately undertook base camp development, including grease racks for 21 units, concrete pads for 130 one- and two-story billets, a 1400 square foot Special Services facility (Service Club) and continuing construction and maintenance of roads and drainage. CLASS #___ Wed like to congratulate Private Christian Simms! Constituted 1 July 1940 in the Regular Army as the 31st Engineer Company and activated at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, Regiment broken up 22 March 1943 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows-, 31st Engineer Combat Battalion inactivated 9 March 1946 at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, Headquarters transferred 30 September 1986 to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command and activated at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, World War II: Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe, Vietnam: Tet Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase IV; Counteroffensive, Phase V; Counteroffensive, Phase VI; Tet 69/Counteroffensive; Summer-Fall 1969; Winter-Spring 1970; Sanctuary Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase VII; Consolidation I; Consolidation II. Two days later, the 31st Engineer Combat Battalion inactivated at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey. Enlarge This series primarily consists of command chronologies of U.S. Marine Corps units that served during the time of the Vietnam Conflict, and includes the records of those units that served in Vietnam as well as domestically and throughout the world. Today the 31st Engineer Battalion once again is based at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri under the 1st Engineer Brigade. Delta Company inactivated with the battalion on 15 October 1993. Turn right on W Loop 306 Shortly after arrival at Blackhorse Base Camp, Company B of the 31st was deployed to Bearcat Base Camp with the mission of constructing the Royal Thai Regiments Cantonment MER (1 May 68 to 31 Aug 68). After 22 days at sea, with one stop for water and fuel in Naha, Okinawa, the Barrett arrived at Vung Tau, Vietnam where the men were transported close to the beach aboard US Navy landing barges, then waded ashore. Major Caprini therefore decides to move in two stages. On August 1, 1942, the unit was redesignated as the 39th Engineer Combat Regiment. Finally, on 4 April 1968, the 31st Combat Engineer Battalions main body departed Fort Bliss, TX by plane to Oakland, CA, thence 22 days by sea aboard the MTST transport ship USNS Barrett; concurrently a small advance party departed by air, flying directly to Saigon. On 10 March 1951, the battalion activated at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin, during the Korean War. 1 An anonymous historical summary of the 31st Engineer Battalion suggests the battalion was active and participated in American Expeditionary Forces campaigns in Europe during World War I; however, the referenced service has not been verified. Plan. Find 1st Engineer Battalion unit information, patches, operation history, veteran photos and more on TogetherWeServed.com. It then moved to Bouxwiller in the French Alsace and installed defense against a possible renewed German attack in the region. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), JOIN US 31st Engineer Battalion Association 2022 Reunion, 2021 Reunion Right Around the Corner-Things to do Now. D Company conducts 12B/C One Station Unit Training (OSUT) D Company 31st Engineer Battalion | Fort Leonard Wood MO The 31st promptly reacted to the requirement, subsequently building fortifications and obstacles surrounding the base camp, several hundred revetments for the divisions fixed and rotary wing aircraft, completely reshaping, compacting, and laying pierced steel planking on the bases airfield, and constructing troop quarters. The 31st Engineer Combat Battalion remained at Fort Belvoir until 10 June 1944 and then served for four months at Camp Butner, North Carolina. On 8 Jun 1953 the battalion was reorganized and redesignated the 31st Engineer Battalion and moved to Fort Carson, Colorado, where on 15 December 1956, it was again inactivated. The 31st Engineer Battalion was originally constituted as the 31st Engineer Company on 1 July, 1940 and activated at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. Shield:Per chevron wavy gales and argent, in chief two mullets of the last, in base on a spade sable on edelweiss proper. Take the Ben Ficklin Road NAVIGATION. During World War I, the 31st Division was made up of . The battalion experienced several false starts each beginning with a serious build-up of personnel, equipment, and training for deployment in the Vietnam theater, but with each build-up, just prior to deployment, the plans were changed and instead of moving as a unit, its soldiers were dispatched to Vietnam as individual replacements. B CO 35TH EN BN, 1ST EN BDE . Turn right onto S Chadbourne Street Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Delta Company 31st Engineer Battalion Oct 2010 For excellence in singing the National Anthem during the graduation ceremony for Delta Company 31st Engineer Battalion NON Commissioned Officers. By the end of the war in November, 1918, the demand for their expertise had required the services of almost 400,000 engineers. From January to March 1991, the battalion began preparing Soldiers for Operation Desert Storm, and supported the mobilization of the 1st Battalion, 392nd Regiment, 98th Division (Training) based in New York State. Pictures will be posted from time to time. 327 were here. After serving for a time on occupation duty in Vienna, the 31st Sailed back from Le Havre, France, on 26 February 1946 and arrived in New York Port of Embarkation on 7 March 1946. 2101 Alcoa Highway Knoxville, TN. On 29 April 1942 the unit was reorganized and redesignated as the 1st Battalion, 31st Engineers (Combat), and then again on 1 August 1942 as the 31st Engineer Combat Regiment. In June 1993, Alpha Company was redesignated E/35th; Bravo and Charlie Companies turned provisional and fell under the control of the 35th Engineer Battalion on 1 October 1993. Salaries posted anonymously by [employer] employees. Company __, Platoon __ On 20 August 1990, the 132nd Engineer Brigade inactivated. As engineer requirements of the Vietnam War increased, the 31st was moved to Dona Anna Range, New Mexico for training, staging, and preparation for overseas movement to Vietnam. In June 1993, Alpha Company was redesignated E/35th; Bravo and Charlie Companies turned provisional and fell under the control of the 35th Engineer Battalion on 1 October 1993. 573-596-0300 The battalion was reassigned from the 1st Engineer Brigade to the 3rd Training Brigade on 6 May 1991. These news releases and photographs, when published by the hometown newspapers, resulted in many pleased and proud soldiers, parents, residents of the soldiers home town and governors. The names Blackhorse, Camp Castle, Bearcat, Ben Tre, La Nga River, Phan Thiet, Xuan Loc, Hill 837, Bien Hoa, Song Be, Quan Loi, Katum, and Phouc Vinh became more than projects and bases to the men of the 31st as their efforts transformed the face of South Vietnam. It then moved to Bouxwillerdisambiguation needed in the French Alsace and installed defense against a possible renewed German attack in the region. May 2019- May 20223 years 1 month Morristown, Tennessee, United States Supervise, serve and assist as a member of a team when tackling rough terrain in combat situations. For their valorous, meritorious and selfless contributions during the first year of Vietnam service, a large number of the battalions men were decorated with appropriate individual awards and for its exceptional service and meritorious contributions, the battalion itself was awarded the USA Meritorious Unit Commendation Streamer, embroidered VIETNAM 1968, for the period May Dec 1968, and the RVN Civic Actions Honor Medal First Class, embroidered VIETNAM 1968-1970. The 31st Engineer Battalion was first organized 1 July 1940 at Fort Belvoir, Virginia as the 31st Engineer Company (Combat). With trust in God, determination, skill and strength, you fought hard to complete your military basic training with Delta Company 31st Engineer Battalion. The spade with the edelweiss together with the two stars represent three battle honors awarded the unit for services in the European Theater, World War II. BLDG R-3150, Lewis- Main. Nevertheless, the battalion adjusted as did the men, and went on to continue to perform at a high level of excellence. It served there for two years before it was redesignated on 8 June 1953 as the 31st Engineer Battalion (Combat) and moved to Fort Carson, Colorado. Using the battalions unit fund projectors and a large sheet stretched between two telephone poles, movies obtained from the USO and USA Special Services were shown nearly every night on the battalion parade field. Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-1951, U.S. ARMY INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT COMMAND, "We Are the Army's Home - In-processing Information: Fire Fighter Detachment Duty Phone: 573-855-9672 The standard tour of duty in Vietnam was twelve months. The state flags were requested and received from the states governors, then flown on flagstaffs installed along the walkway to the main entrance of the Battalion Headquarters. The 31stEngineer Battalion was first organized 1 July 1940 at Fort Belvoir, Virginia as the 31st Engineer Company (Combat). I provide expertise in. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! On March 1, 1945, the Regiment was disbanded and its elements were reorganized and redesignated. 31st Engineer Battalion MISSION STATEMENT: The 31st Engineer Battalion trains and develops combat ready Engineer Soldiers and Leaders for the Operating Force. These efforts were temporarily interrupted 22 Jun to 5 Jul 68, when Company D was rapidly deployed to support reconstruction of the interdicted La Nga River/QL 20 Float Bridge, its bypass and crossing. After 72 hours of steady work, the fire was brought under control. Postal Address: Book a trip. 6221 Iowa Ave. Under Infusion the battalion was required to select a large number of its trained, experienced personnel of all ranks for reassignment to other units and in-turn, the 31st would receive well-qualified replacements with varying departure dates, from other in-country units. Email. The unit moved to Phuoc Vinh on 1 July 1968 and to Long Binh in mid-1971 where it remained until it departed Vietnam for return to the United States.