saturation overland flow vs hortonian

Saturation Excess Overland Flow occurs when the soil becomes saturated, and any additional precipitation or irrigation causes runoff.This type of runoff is the main mechanism behind VSA hydrology. Geography 327-- Runoff From: Hortonian overland flow in A . hortonian overland flow (stream flow generation) precip > infiltration capacity . PDF Identifying hydrologically sensitive areas using LiDAR ... Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.This can occur when the soil is saturated by water to its full capacity, and that the rain arrives more quickly than the soil can absorb it. Where the soils are well-drained, deep and very permeable, the water table is deep and the saturated zone is confined to the valley floor. If one considers a point-scale conservation equation for a particular hydrologic process as a PDE with its point-scale parameters over a computational grid area, then due to the heterogeneity of the land The conductivity at peak flow (440 mohms/cm) suggests that pre-event water dominated stormflow at the headwater . PDF Surface and Subsurface Water Contributions During Snowmelt ... Hortonian and saturation overland flow theories, partial source area concept of surface runoff generation. indicate saturation overland flow to be the main runoff process accounting for more than 90% of the total runoff, with a very small contribution of lateral subsurface flow. (Aug 17, 2009). (2006) Geomorph. Overview Sources of streamflow Hortonian Overland Flow Subsurface Flow Saturation Overland Flow Streamflow Hydrograph Runoff Rainfall-runoff Relation-ship Flow-Mass Curve Travel Time Base-flow Separation References Surface Water Sources of streamflow Figure 2: Disposal of precipitation during a storm Catchment is the area of land draining into . Hortonian Flow. Where saturation overland flow is occurring, water is moving on the land surface and everything I said about infiltration excess overland flow applies. Hortonian infiltration-excess and saturation-excess overland flow theories have been widely used for representing the overland flow generation mechanism. When i<f, all i is absorbed . Unpaved road surfaces have a very low hydraulic conductivity and therefore usually exhibit Hortonian overland flow necessitating a modified equation for sediment concentrations. Hortonian overland flow, groundwater flow, subsurface storm flow, saturation overland flow, macropore flow. Overland flow is the term used to describe surface flow that is outside the confines of a stream channel. Infiltration-excess (Hortonian) overland flow Soils with low infiltration capacity Variable Saturation-excess overland flow source area (VSA) hydrology Topographic barrier to hydrological connectivity (flow sink) Drainage channel Source Mobilisation Transport Delivery Impact [Hydrological connectivity is the difference between overland flow and overland flow relatively quickly. Hortonian Overland Flow Saturated Overland Flow Sub-surface Flow Ground Water Flow. runoff (Hortonian flow) and saturation excess runoff (Dunne flow) where different surface runoff generation mechanisms (that produce storm hydrograph) is due to spatial variability of soil . Cite/attribute Resource. The median Ks values at a depth of 12.5 cm are large enough to rule out Hortonian overland flow, but a marked decrease in K s in Lutz Creek catchment at 30 cm suggests the formation of a perched water table and the generation saturation overland flow; the decrease in Ks in the Conrad Trail catchment is more gradual, and a perched water table is . KINEROS2 assumes one-dimensional flow in each plane and solves the kinematic wave approximation of the overland and channel flow equations using finite differences. agriculture however, Naef et al. In the Horton Model, it is likely that in a sequence of closely-spaced storms, only the later ones may generate overland flow (and therefore more This, together with the decrease downward in soilmoisture along the soil profile, proved thatmechanisms of overland floware of the Hortonian type. Hortonian overland flow, as interpreted from field observations in the Tshazi sub-catchment, was not simulated so well. saturation excess overland flow . The flow rate is related to the channel flow cross-sectional area or overland flow depth through Chezy and Manning flow resistance . rainfall rate exceeds infiltration rate solely surface based with saturated subsurface zone below the stream level short, strong events . Hortonian overland flow (saturated from above): Fig 9-18; saturation overland flow (saturated from below): Fig 9-21; subsurface event flow in saturated zone -- local groundwater mounds or perched saturated zone (sloping slab): Fig 9-26, Example 9-3; interflow/throughflow in unsaturated zone -- note more important for baseflow: Fig 9-29a Saturation overland flow is In our work at the Hydrohill and the Nandadish, Hortonian overland flow occurred only . In most humid regions, subsurface storm flow and saturation overland flow are dominant processes. The infiltration excess overland flow is formed (named also Hortonian overland flow after Horton E. R.), when the rainfall intensity exceeds the soil infiltration capacity in an area (Liu et al., 2004 ). 2. hortonian overland flow 3. groundwater recharge 4. shallow sub-surface flow 5. saturation overland flow . Geomorphology Weekly Notes 4-1.htm. Retrieved Nov 06, 2014, from UMass Boston OpenCourseware Web site: http://ocw.umb . Watershed models can be categorized according to their runoff-generating mechanism, which can be either: (1) infiltration-excess overland flow (or Hortonian overland flow), (2) saturation-excess overland flow, (3) an empirical relation, or (4) a combination of (1), (2), and (3). Hortonian Overland Flow Soil with low permeability (e.g. 5 partial area concept which describes the spatial manifestation of Hortonian overland flow . To learn more about saturation excess overland flow, mechanisms for occurrence, and areas prone to saturation, read on. Now let's get to saturation overland flow, which is the trickiest to wrap our heads around because it's really a combination of all of the above. The best simulation, supported by field observations in the Gobalidanke sub-catchment, suggested that discharge was driven mainly by flow from saturation overland flow. No Hortonian runoff was observed during the runoff event. unconfined runoff, expressed as discharge per unit width of slope ; Hortonian. Rainfall and run off relationships, stream gauging and runoff measurement. Quick Reference. •Rainfall rate outpaces ground infiltration-infiltration excess overland flow, or Hortonian flow. Hortonian overland flow does not arise due to the low bulk density and the high macroporosity of the topmost layer, but rapid interflow at depth of 0.9-1.7 m and surface runoff as return flow occur with high antecedent soil moisture. Figure 2 illustrates the operation of some of these processes on a Precambrian Shield watershed. Saturation Excess Overland Flow. infiltration capacity (stream flow generation) max rate soil can absorb precip . In the Horton Model, it is likely that in a sequence of closely-spaced storms, only the later ones may generate overland flow (and therefore more Using remote sensing and in situ data sets, we assess the spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall, rainfall-runoff response, and effects on runoff coefficients of . Moderate: may not generate overland flow early on, but does so after infiltration capacity has declined. Infiltration excess overland flow (Hortonian flow) Saturation excess overland flow ; Infiltration excess overland flow occurs when the rainfall rate exceeds the infiltration capacity and can occur even in dry soil conditions. Soil is saturated from below by subsurface flow. Very fast, energy waves, destructive Can be destructive Very fast, energy waves, destructive Can be destructive CHAPTER FIVE Runoff Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323) Overland flow interflow Saturated overland flow Base flow 1 Instructors: Dr. Yunes Mogheir Dr . < Back to Print Version Table of Contents <. Saturation overland flow. After saturation overland flow was identified (Hewlett and Hibbert , 1963 ), the perception of possible contributing area controls and dynamics expanded as it became recognized that subs urface Saturation overland flow •Saturation Excess Overland Flow occurs when the soil becomes saturated, and any additional . In order to incorporate saturation excess flow, the maximum infiltration volume possible ( S s in mm) is added here as one additional characteristic of the pervious area. Now let's get to saturation overland flow, which is the trickiest to wrap our heads around because it's really a combination of all of the above. impervious surfaces (urban areas) Steep slopes with thin soil. Two main processes of runoff are commonly thought to take place in a drainage basin: infiltration-excess overland flow, known also as Hortonian overland flow (HOF), and saturation overland flow (SOF). Equation (6) describessaturation ciencies,we can definean 'effectivedrainagedensity'DE: overland flow as well as Hortonian overland flow, with values of s and n appropriate to the saturated zone, and the same DE = Lo/A (5) considerations apply.However,it is the width of the saturated For 36 streamsin the westernUnited States,Schumm [1963] zone . On rough agricultural soils, initiation of overland flow is primarily related to the gradual filling of small depressions. Evaluation of model performance* Figure 2 illustrates the operation of some of these processes on a Precambrian Shield watershed. Rainfall-interception-evaporation-runoff relationships in a semi-arid catchment, northern Limpopo basin, Zimbabwe Over the 5-year period in the Araguás afforested sub-catchment, surface saturation or near saturation conditions (defined as water table 20 cm below the surface) were only observed for 0.8% of the time at the 'P. nigra—High' piezometer, 1.3% at 'P. nigra—Low', 3.5% at 'Meadow', and 11.2% at 'Shrubland'. Saturation Overland Flow. See also Vigiak et al. 76, 1-2. Low: may not generate Hortonian Overland Flow at all. The baseline case regarded here as a REA is a (19 m × 4 m) experimental plot with an average slope of 16°, for which we have calibrated a 2-D model coupling infiltration and overland flow and successfully simulated measured runoff resulting from natural rainfall events [Chen et al., 2013].The experimental plot is situated within the Lehavim . During intense rainstorms, rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity on the hillslope control Hortonian runoff while the topographic attributes of the hillslope (e.g., slope, aspect, curvature) and the channel network define . Hortonian flow assumption: stormflow due to surface runoff (overland flow) variable source area theory assumes only part of a watershed (part by the slope right by the stream) is making direct contributions to stormflow, and the size of this changes over time When . 1. In arid climate there is deep groundwater, dry soils, intense storms -> Hortonian overland flow (due to low infiltration). 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