naive scientist vs cognitive miser
-Eastern: interdependent self, permeable relational, in the context of relationships with other people /Tabs /S Some pieces of information have a disproportionately largeinfluence on the shaping of the whole, Central traits: traits that have a disproportionate impact on overall impressions, Peripheral traits: traits that have little impact on overall impressions. What is obedience? /Creator (alibabadownload.com) /Contents 35 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /ExtGState << -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy -Motivation: feel good -Post decision dissonance: start like flawed scientists after we're motivated to who'd rather feel right 10.3758/s13423-013-0384-5 . The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. [10] Thus, attribution theory emerged from the study of the ways in which individuals assess causal relationships and mechanisms. providing prescriptive norms for understanding ourselves in relations to /F1 21 0 R (a) Graph this equation with a graphing calculator and the window ttt-min =2,t=-2, t=2,t-max =10=10=10; SSS-min =20,Smax=250=-20, S-\max =250=20,Smax=250. Lippmann therefore suggested that the public "cannot be wise", since they can be easily misled by overly simplified reality which is consistent with their pre-existing pictures in mind, and any disturbance of the existing stereotypes will seem like "an attack upon the foundation of the universe". [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. . /Tabs /S /Type /Group Fiske and Taylor argue that acting as cognitive misers is rational due to the sheer volume and intensity of information and stimuli humans intake. Naive scientist Cognitive miser A and B Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[30]. 13 0 obj If there were many suppliers of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Type /Page On the other hand, in Lippmann's view, people are told about the world before they see it. /S /Transparency come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. What is the dual process model of persuasion? /FontDescriptor 363 0 R << [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. A practical example of cognitive misers' way of thinking in risk assessment of DeepwaterHorizonexplosion, is presented below. -Those with analytical thinking were more likely to focus on attributions of the individual person and vice versa. Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R Main Point: aside from cognition motivation also plays a large role in the social thinker. -Causes: the benefit of anonymity, -Prejudice: drawing negative conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence /Type /Group -People are less likely to conform when at least one person states the correct answer. >> naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser -Western: independent self, self-contained and autonomous endobj >> /Type /Page /Author (Fiske) /Font << Change occurs via exposure to schema-inconsistent evidence: book-keeping: change is gradual, as evidence accumulates, conversion: change is sudden, after critical mass of evidence, sub-typing: sub-categories to accommodate evidence, Cognitive shortcuts that provide adequately accurate inferences formost of us, most of the time. /Parent 2 0 R What is a meta-analysis? Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. 11 0 obj >> /CS /DeviceRGB [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /Font << /F3 23 0 R 6,000 & 7,000 \\ >> AVERSIVE Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. economic zones to fisheries. [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. /Contents [29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R] [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. endobj Book: Stanovich, Keith E. . 5 0 obj /Filter /FlateDecode -Not enough information: one-shot exposure, fundamental attribution error (the person's fault not ours). Widely shared within cultures, but differ between cultures, Can be based on personal experience Resistant to change, We typically assume that physically attractive people are good, They are interesting, warm, outgoing, socially skilled, Halo effect: our overall impression of a person colours ourperception of that persons specific traits, Allow us to quickly make sense of person, situation, event or placeon basis of limited information, Guide our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours towards things, Less time consuming & less effortful, yield quick solutions, Sometimes inaccurate, misapplied, inadequate, Instances are assigned to categories or types on basis of overallsimilarity to the category, As a result, we sometimes ignore base-rate information, Tendency to seek out & attend to information that confirms onesbeliefs & ignore information that is inconsistent with ones beliefs, Beliefs/schemas become resilient this way. Personality has been conceptualised from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction and breadth. Introducing Cram Folders! List and Describe the Algebraic Impression Formation types: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Question 7 1.5 / 1.5 points What general approach to studying and thinking about person perception assumes that people will generally put in little effort to thinking about the causes of other people's behavior? The cognitive miser is someone who is reluctant to think deeply about things. /GS7 27 0 R The wave of research on attributional biases done by Kahneman, Tversky and others effectively ended the dominance of Heider's nave scientist within social psychology. If people are viewed as consistency-seekers, then their cognition is influenced by: Subjective inconsistency Objective inconsistency Attributional inconsistency A and C 11. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] [9][pageneeded], In order to meet these needs, nave scientists make attributions. /Producer -Cockroach study: the cockroaches completed an easier maze faster when there were other cockroaches present and they went faster in the hard maze when they were not being watched by other cockroaches /Pages 2 0 R *p ~02Q*PGZxO`'HiY<6\Ud"I$;4L`cp{-Yl o People can be cognitive misers over naive scientists but the What is the difference between them? (b) Estimate the time at which the ball is at its highest point and estimate the height of the ball at that time. [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. What is an internal versus an external attribution? In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. /Annots [51 0 R] . /F3 23 0 R -Aggression: westerners feel angry to people they are close to or when they are mistreated, easterners opposite /Resources << >> Due to the seemingly smooth current situation, people unconsciously adjusted their acceptance of risk; People tend to over-express their faith and confidence to backup systems and safety devices; People regard complicated technical systems in line with complicated governing structures; If concerned with the certain issue, people tend to spread good news and hide bad news; People tend to think alike if they are in the same field (see also: System 1 generates suggestions for System 2, with impressions, intuitions, intentions or feelings; If System 1's proposal is endorsed by System 2, those impressions and intuitions will turn into beliefs, and the sudden inspiration generated by System 1 will turn into voluntary actions; When everything goes smoothly (as is often the case), System 2 adopts the suggestions of System 1 with little or no modification. We have created a browser extension. It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. -Self-justification: justifying destructive behaviors Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. /F2 22 0 R >> Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule: PriceQuantity$8,0005,000diamonds7,0006,0006,0007,0005,0008,0004,0009,0003,00010,0002,00011,0001,00012,000\begin{array}{rl} << Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Type /Page Rossi . Heuristics are one way that we save resources. >> /Contents 36 0 R /ToUnicode 367 0 R based on similarity. [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Rather than using an in-depth understanding of scientific topics, people make decisions based on other shortcuts or heuristics such as ideological predistortions or cues from mass media, and therefore use only as much information as necessary. 8 [240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R /FirstChar 32 /ExtGState << ->Eastern: connectedness, harmony, commonality, holistic thinking, duties and obligations. 22 0 obj affects the amount of effort we invest searching for information to test hypothesis, Lifespan and Development Chapters 1-8 Midterm, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. [5][page needed] CallUrl('en>wikipedia>org
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